Posts Tagged ‘plant’

Shamanic Plant Diet & Ayahuasca

Thursday, June 10th, 2010

Foreword

Ayahuasca cooking in the jungle: a dense and concentrated earthly brew!!

Photo Credit: Francesco Sammarco

Guests doing the shamanic plant diet in Ashi Meraya will be given upon arrival a personalized calendar of their diet. This calendar will specify the days when the plant teachers concoctions may be taken, the days of break (whenever present) – called descanso, and also the days when the actual Ayahuasca brew may be drunk, as part of a shamanic ritual, in the context of the plant diet shamanic initiation.

Below we have provided a detailed and updated calendar of a typical three months shamanic plant diet as practised by Shipibo shaman Don Alfredo, which is a very important & practical help for those who intend to commit to the plant-based shamanic training. This may give you a more accurate idea of how the shamanic plant diet works, yet it might be subject to change, according to individual circumstances, the type of plants one is dieting with and the length of the diet itself. It might also change, depending on the particular style of the shaman one may be dieting with.

The shamanic diet is a sophisticated and complex process, if you think at all the possible plants combinations that can actually be involved, and when one dwells on the fact that many maestros are altogether illiterate. All this makes one wonder at the meaning of the words “sabiduría” or ”conocimiento” (knowledge), and on how this may be achieved without going to a Western university! This is the “School of Advanced Studies in Amazonian Shamanism”….a parallel university to our own Western institutions, that has its own laws, dynamics, and ways to knowledge. Here plants are the teachers and the “maestros” the traditional guides and the keepers of “la ciencia” (the science).

Basic vocabulary to get familiar with

Brebaje = Plant preparation, in liquid form.
Descanso = Spanish name of the break period given (by the shaman) to the apprentice doing the plant diet.
Dieta = Spanish name of the diet. The traditional plant-based shamanic apprenticeship.
Dietera = The female apprentice who is doing the plant diet.
Dietero = The male apprentice who is doing the plant diet.
Palos maestros = ”Teacher trees” (the Trees one may receive teachings from).
Plantas maestras = ”Teacher plants” (the Plants one may receive teachings from).
Preparado = The actual teacher plants concoction that one takes during a diet.
Prueba de dieta = Spanish name for the ”tester of the shamanic plant diet”.
Soga = Spanish name for ‘vine’ (like ayahuasca, for instance).
Toma/Tomar = Taking the plants of the diet and/or the Ayahuasca, in liquid form.

In the FAQ section below, you may find answers to the most common questions asked re. the dieta:

FAQ: Ayahuasca and the Plant Diet

1) ”Is it possible to take Ayahuasca during the diet?”

YES, that is essential part of the training for the shamanic initiation, even though the number of times one will take part to Ayahuasca ceremonies depend intrinsically from the length of the diet itself, and from the type of diet one is doing (i.e. traditional diet or pre-diet/’prueba de dieta‘). When one engages in the healing diet – however – the answer is ‘may be yes, may be not’, as it very much depends from the condition one is affected from. We DO NOT offer the healing diet in Ashi Meraya, ONLY the SHAMANIC PLANT DIET.

2) ”How many times do I have Ayahuasca sessions whilst doing the Shamanic Plant Diet?”

It depends on the type of diet one is doing and from the shaman with whom one is dieting with. In the traditional plant diet the apprentice (dietero/a) may begin his/her first Ayahuasca session with the shaman, typically only from the tenth day of his/her own apprenticeship. Meanwhile, the shaman will prepare with icaros and other protections the physical and energetic body of the apprentice and only him or her (the shaman) will start to drink from the second night of the first week of diet. Click here to have an idea of how many times – in the context of a detailed calendar for the traditional 3 months shamanic plant diet – one may partake to Ayahuasca sessions.

In the case of the ‘prueba de dieta‘ – that is the tester of the diet, or ‘pre-dieta’ (an introduction to the plant diet proper, which goes from an absolute minimum of two weeks onwards) – one may not take Ayahuasca for the first week of the retreat, especially – but not exclusively – if dieting with strong ‘palos’ (teacher trees). Beginning with the 2nd week of the pre-diet training, one may normally take part to four Ayahuasca sessions each week, as for the Ayahuasca retreat. However, please note that these are guidelines only, and *might* be subject to change, at the discretion of the shaman, and/or according to the degree of experience one may have, to the length of the ‘pre-diet’ and/or to the types of plants and/or ‘palos’ one may be dieting with.

FAQ: Length of the traditional shamanic plant diet

3) ”What is the average length of the traditional shamanic plant diet?”

Guidelines may vary from shaman to shaman, even from within the same ethnic group. Some shamans (the more strictly traditional) do not call a proper shamanic diet anything that is less than three months in length, to begin with. This is – mind you – the minimum period one should engage with, not the maximum, that can otherwise last several years. To become a fully developed shaman, one would normally require a full five years of dieta (including periods of break). The absolute basic is learnt in the first three months, and one can consider himself (or herself) advanced in the apprenticeship after having completed a one year training.

4) ”What is the average length of the shamanic plant diet tester (‘prueba de dieta’)?”

From an absolute minimum of two weeks onwards, and usually anything between two weeks up to eleven weeks.

FAQ: Temporary breaks of the diet & communication with the outside world

In a three months diet (more specifically, from two months up until three months and three weeks), one may only go to town after having completed the first phase of the training. This period – more or less – coincide with the end of the first month and half of drinking the plant concoctions prepared by the shaman. Times may vary from person to person, depending on individual energy, and response times to the shamanic diet. In a six months diet, a dietero/a may go to town only after – or from – the end of the third month of diet. That is, only after having completed the first period of the diet, taking the plant concoctions.

If needed, you may be able to communicate with the outside world using the battery-operated long range cordless phone in Ashi Meraya, in the jungle. You need to come equipped with a “Hola Peru” international phone card, available from most Airports in Peru.

A Typical Three Months Shamanic Plant Diet

Below is a description of how a typical three months/12 weeks (84 days) shamanic plant diet will work, with a calendar of the days you will be taking the plants and the nights you will be having Ayahuasca ceremonies with the shaman. Plants may vary, also (and especially) according to the length of the apprenticeship. In the time frame of a three months shamanic diet you will be dieting with nine different plants (three palos maestros and six plantas maestras), and will take part to Ayahuasca ceremonies, as follows:

Plant Diet – Stage One (Day 01 to 09)

Day 1: Sweat Lodge
Day 2: First toma of Remo caspi
Day 3: Second toma of Remo caspi
Day 4: First toma of Chullachaki caspi
Day 5: Second toma of Chullachaki caspi
Day 6: First toma of Bobinsana
Day 7: Second toma of Bobinsana
Day 8: First toma of Toe’
Day 9: Second toma of Toe’

Ayahuasca Ceremonies – Stage One (Day 10 to 44)

Day 10: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 12: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 14: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 16: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 18: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 20: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 22: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 24: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 26: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 28: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 30: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 32: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 34: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 36: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 38: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 40: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 42: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 44: Ayahuasca ceremony

Plant Diet – Stage Two & Final (Day 45 to 54 )

Day 45: First toma of Huaira caspi plant
Day 46: Second toma of Huaira caspi plant
Day 47: First toma of Ajos sacha
Day 48: Second toma of Ajos sacha
Day 49: First toma of Piñon colorado
Day 50: Second toma of Piñon colorado
Day 51: First toma of Piripiri
Day 52: Second toma of Piripiri
Day 53: First toma of Motelillo
Day 54: Second toma of Motelillo.

The fifth-fourth day will be the last day of taking plant teachers (i.e. this will be the last toma of the plants), and then the shamanic diet will continue taking the Ayahuasca brew, together with the shaman, any other day (except the last):

Ayahuasca ceremonies – Stage Two & Final (Day 55 to 83)

Day 55: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 57: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 59: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 61: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 63: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 65: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 67: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 69: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 71: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 73: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 75: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 77: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 79: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 81: Ayahuasca ceremony
Day 83: Ayahuasca ceremony

Your diet will terminate with a special Ayahuasca ceremony and your retreat will end on the last day of the twelfth week, in the afternoon.

During your shamanic apprenticeship you will get also to learn how to prepare cleansing herbal baths, clay baths and baños de florecimiento (ritual floral baths, to increase luck and prosperity) as well as singing icaros on a plant remedy, and even treat a patient affected by “susto” (fright), among other things.

PLEASE NOTE:

Candidates applying for the traditional shamanic plant diet may be screened for suitability and should ideally – but not necessarily – be able to communicate in Spanish.

We offer a SPANISH-ENGLISH interpreting service, for up to three months in a row, available as an optional extra to guests without Spanish skills…

There are no limitations in terms of freedom of movement/going to town, for the Ayahuasca retreat (even though we invite you to make the most of your retreat time in the jungle!!). However, in line with traditional rules, these limitations may remain in place for guests doing the traditional shamanic plant diet, at the discretion of the shaman.

Ayahuasca Retreat or Plant Diet?

Tuesday, June 8th, 2010

Whilst almost any genuine pilgrim/wisdom-seeker may take part in our Ayahuasca retreats in Ashi Meraya (please check health compatibility issues), we conversely recommend the traditional Shamanic Plant Diet – which does include Ayahuasca ceremonies as well, but with a different schedule – more to those who have matured a very strong bound with shamanism, have already been successfully exposed to the Ayahuasca experience before, spent time in the jungle, and have ideally (but not necessarily) a good knowledge of the Spanish language, to get by during their apprenticeship.

We will be nevertheless more than happy to provide you with an interpreter Spanish-English, to help you out during your retreat (being it Ayahuasca or Shamanic Plant Diet Apprenticeship), as and wen required!!

Plant Teachers

Tuesday, June 8th, 2010

Native Quechua and Botanical Names

Cielo Ayahuasca vine (Banisteriopsis caapi), Ashi Meraya Ethnobotanical Garden.

Photo Credit: Francesco Sammarco

The traditional shamanic initiation as it is practiced still today in the Peruvian Amazon Rainforest is embedded in the Spanish term dieta, which refers to the shamanic diet with plant teachers. Plants may also be “dieted” therapeutically, for healing from a particular condition (the healing diet). In either case different degrees of restrictions and/or a specific apprenticeship is required, under the guidance of the shaman. Click here to read more abut the “plant diet”.

Along with their use in the dieta – which has different styles and degrees of rigor – some of these plants and trees may also be employed as admixture in the preparation of the Ayahuasca brew, or find as well other more specific applications in the ceremonial and daily world of the vegetalistas of the Peruvian Amazon. In Ashi Meraya the brew is currently prepared with ayahuasca, huambisa, chagropanga, chacruna and toe’. Other plant additives are at the shaman’s discretion to use.

Vernacular Name Botanical Name


Abuta Abuta grandifolia
Acatuaua Maytanus macrocarpa
Alcanfor Moena Ocotea costulata
Allpa ayahuasca Banisteriopsis sp.
Altaruna Unidentified
Amasisa Erythrinaglauca
Anacaspi Apuleta leiocarpa
Ajos chiro Gallizia corazema
Ajos sacha Mansoa alliacea
Ayahùma Couropita guianensis
Azucar huayo Hymenaea sp.
Bellaco caspi Himantanthus sucuuba



Bobinsana Calliandra angustifolia


Camalonga Thevetia peruviana (?)
Cambio de renaco Unidentified
Campana ayahuasca Banisteriopsis sp.
Canelilla Aniba canellila
Capirona negra Capirona decorticans
Catahua Hura crepitans
Caupuri Virola surinamensis
Chacruna Psychotria viridis
Chaliponga / Chagropanga / Ojo Yajé Diplopterys cabrerana
Chambira Astrocaryum chambira
Chicuru piripiri Cyperus sp.
Chiric sanango Brunfelsia grandiflora
Chiricaspi (palo del frio) Brunfelsia chiricaspi
Chontay caspi Unidentified



Chonta quiro Diplotropis sp. (A. Brack) / Anthodiscus sp. (A. Gentry)


Cuchara caspi Malovetia Tamaquarina
Chuchuhuasi Maytenus ebenifolia
Chuchuhuasha Heisteria pallida
Chullachaqui caspi (Chullachaki caspi) Tovomita sp.


Chullachaqui caspi hembra Tovomita sp.
Cielo ayahuasca (lucero ayahuasca) Banisteriopsis caapi
Clavohuasca Tynanthas panurensis
Colita de gabilan Unidentified
Cumaceba negra Swartzia sp.
Cumala Virola sp.
Estoraque (Estorake) Myroxylon balsamum
Garabato Unidentified
Giausahuasca Unidentified
Hierba santa (Hierba de la Virgen) Cestrum hediondinum
Hiporuru Alchornea castaneifolia
Huacra renaco Unidentified
Huairacaspi Cedrelinga catanaeformis
Huayra runa Unidentified
Huacapu’ Minquartia guianensis
Huambisa chacruna Diplopterys sp.
Huiririma Astrocaryum jauari
Huicungo Astrocaryum vulgare
Lobo chupa Unidentified
Lupuna blanca Ceiba sp. / Ceiba Pentandra
Lupuna roja (puka-lupuna or lupuna bruja) Cavanillesia hylogeiton / C. umbellata
Lupuna negra Unidentified
Mapacho Nicotiana rustica / Nicotiana tabacum
Misqui panga (michiquipanga) Renealmia alpina
Motelo Sacha Unidentified
Mucura Petiveria alliacea
Murcohuasca Marcgravia williamsii
Mururé Brosimum acutifolium Huber
Nuc-nuc pichana Scoparia dulcis
Oje’ Ficus insipida
Papastrueno Dioscorea sp.
Piripiri Cyperaceous sp.
Puca chari (rojo dulce) Unidentified
Pumasacha Roucheria punctata ducke
Puro puro Unidentified
Raya balsa Montrichardia arborecens
Rajo ayahuasca Banisteriopsis sp.
Remo caspi Pithecellobium laetum
Renaco Ficus sp.
Renaquilla Clusia rosea
Renaquilla con hojas anchas Unidentified
Renaquilla con hojas minudas Unidentified
Sacha Mango Grias peruviana
Sacha runa Unidentified
Shapaca (Shapaja) Sheelea cephalotes
Shihuauacu Dipterys sp.?
Suelda con suelda Phtirusa pyrifolia
Supay-casha caspi Unidentified
Tahuari’ Tabebuia heteropoda
Tambor Huasca Unidentified
Tangarana Triplaris surinamensis var. chamissoana
Toe’ Brugmansia suavolens
Trueno ayahuasca Banisteriopsis sp.
Uchu-sanango Tabernaemontana sp.
Uña de Gato de Siete Capas Uncaria sp.
Yahuar Piripiri Eleutherine bulbosa
Yana ayahuasca (ayahuasca negra) Banisteriopsis sp.

References

Duke, J. A., Vasquez, R., Amazonian Ethnobotanical Dictionary, CRC Press, 1994

Luna, L.E. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 11 (1984) 135-156; Luna, L.E. Vegetalismo. Shamanism among the Mestizo Population of the Peruvian Amazon, Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis, Stockholm Studies in Comparative Religion 27, Stockholm 1986

Schultes, E.R. and Raffauf, R. F. Vine of the Soul, Medicine Men, their Plants and Rituals in the Colombian Amazonia, Synergetic Press 1992

Luna, L.E. : “Icaros: Magical Melodies“, in Matteson Langdon, E.J. and Baer G. Portals of Power – Shamanism in South America, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque 1992

Dobkins De Rios, M. Amazon Healer. The Life and Times of an Urban Shaman, Prism Press, Dorset 1992

Luna, L.E. and Amaringo P. Ayahuasca Visions, The Religious Iconography of a Peruvian Shaman, Berkeley 1999; Luna, L.E. and White, S. (Editors) Ayahuasca Reader – Encounters with the Amazon’s Sacred Wine, Synergetic Press, Santa Fe 2000

A. Gentry A Field Guide to the families and Genera of Woody Plants of Northwest South America, 1993

A. Brack Egg Dicionario Enciclopédico de Plantas Utiles del Perù, 1999; Mejia, K. & Rengifo, E. Plantas Medicinales de Uso Popular en la Amazonia Peruana, 1995.